Lesson Worksheet: Modeling with Trigonometric Functions Mathematics
In this worksheet, we will practice modeling real-world situations using periodic functions.
Q1:
Which of the following is the best model for the temperature fluctuations on a cold winterβs day in a location where the warmest part of the day is around 2 pm and the coldest around 2 am? Let be the temperature in degrees celsius and be the time after midnight in hours.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q2:
London is in the northern hemisphere and the number of hours of daylight varies throughout the year. On December 21st, they have around 7 hours and 49 minutes of daylight, while on June 21st, they have 16 hours and 38 minutes. Which of the following models would best approximate the number of hours of daylight in London on a given day, where is the number of hours of daylight and is the number of days since the first of January?
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q3:
Anthony and his friends went on a trip to the London Eye. The whole trip lasted for 30 minutes. When they got into the pod, they were 15 m above the Thames. Given that the diameter of the London Eye is 120 m, write the equation for the height, , of the pod above the Thames minutes after they got into it.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q5:
The temperature fluctuation in London over the course of a day can be modeled using a sinusoidal function.
Given that the maximum temperature of was at 3 pm, and the minimum temperature of was at 3 am, write an expression for the temperature in terms of , the number of hours after midnight.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Hence, find the temperature at 7 pm.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q6:
Michael and Hannah went swimming in the sea at 2 pm, when it was high tide. The change in the height of water with respect to the annual average is given by , where is the time, in hours, after any high tide.
At what time was the next high tide?
- A2:30 pm
- B12:00 am
- C2:00 am
- D2:00 pm
- E2:30 am
When will it be high tide in the afternoon three days later?
- A5 pm
- B12 am
- C12 pm
- D5 am
- E5:30 pm
They want to go back to the same beach three days later, in the afternoon, and would like the height of the water to be at least 4 meters above the annual height average. Between what times should they go?
- ABetween 6:15 pm and 4:12 am
- BBetween 1:17 pm and 11:12 pm
- CBetween 3:17 pm and 1:12 am
- DBetween 3:42 pm and 6:17 pm
- EBetween 12:42 pm and 3:17 pm
Q7:
The number of hours of daylight in Paris depends on the season, and it is modeled by , where is the number of the days in a year (January 1 is day 1). According to this model, on what days does daylight in Paris last 10 hours?
- AFebruary 20, April 21
- BJanuary 20, May 22
- CAugust 21, October 21
- DApril 21, August 21
- EFebruary 20, October 21
Q8:
A particle moves along the -axis so that its displacement from the origin after seconds is meters. Find the times at which the particleβs displacement is meters. Use to denote an arbitrary nonnegative integer.
- A,
- B,
- C,
- D,
- E,
Q9:
The depth of the water in a fishing port is usually 29 meters. The tidal movement is represented by , where is the time elapsed in hours after midnight. How many times in a day is the depth of the water 32 meters?
- AThree times
- BOne time
- CTwo times
- DFour times
Q10:
In Portsmouth harbour, the height of the tide during December is modeled using the following function where is the height of the tide, measured in meters, above the annual average and is the time, in hours, after midnight on the first of the month.
During the spring, the tidal variation is higher than the December variation. Write an equation for the height of the tide during April.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
During June, the tidal variation is the same as December. However the average height of the water is 1 m higher. Write an equation for the height of the tide during June.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
In January, the tidal variation and average height of the water are the same as in December. However, the first high tide of the month is 3 hours later than the first high tide in December. Write an equation for the height of the tide in January.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q11:
Benjamin sits on a pier, his feet dangling 60 cm below the pier. The pier is usually 80 cm above the lake. But this is a windy day, and waves make the depth of the lake oscillate. The depth of the lake under the pier is given, in meters, by , where is the depth of the lake on a quiet day, and is the time in seconds. What fraction of the time does Benjamin have his feet under water? Express your answer as a percentage correct to one decimal place.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q12:
Sophia and her friends got on a Ferris wheel. When they entered the cabin at 3:15 pm, they were 5 m above the ground. The height of the cabin minutes after they got into it is given by . When were they 40 m above the ground? Give your answer to the nearest minute.
- A3:23 pm, 3:17 pm
- B3:28 pm, 3:32 pm
- C3:23 pm, 3:27 pm
- D3:17 pm, 3:33 pm
- E3:27 pm, 3:33 pm
Q13:
Emma is jumping on a trampoline. Her height above the trampoline , in meters, is given by , at seconds after she started jumping.
How many seconds after each rebound does it take her to reach a height of 50 cm during the descent? Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a second.
- A0.3 s
- B3.3 s
- C1.7 s
- D2.6 s
- E0.7 s
What fraction of the time is Emma at least 1.2 m above the trampoline? Express your answer as a percentage correct to one decimal place.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Q14:
The outside temperature (in degrees Celsius) on a certain day was modeled with , where is the time after midnight in hours. At what times of the day was the temperature ? Give your answer to the nearest minute using a 24-hour format.
- A11:06, 20:54
- B8:54, 11:06
- C20:54, 23:06
- D8:54, 23:06
- E17:06, 2:54
Q15:
The temperature fluctuation on a cold winterβs day (in degrees Celsius) is modeled by , where is the time of the day expressed in hours after midnight. At what times of the day was the temperature ?
- A5:13 am, 10:47 am
- B5:13 pm, 10:47 pm
- C5:13 am, 10:47 pm
- D4:47 am, 11:13 am
- E5:13 pm, 10:47 am
Q16:
The daily solar irradiation on a point just above Earthβs atmosphere days after the summer solstice is given by . How many times per year is the daily solar irradiation 1,350 W/m2? How many days after the solstice does this occur?
- ATwice, after 79 and 104 days
- BTwice, after 104 and 261 days
- CTwice, after 79 and 287 days
- DTwice, after 261 and 287 days
- ETwice, after 196 and 352 days
Q17:
Chloe and Mason are at home. They see a bucket suspended on an elastic string going up and down in front of their window. They record the times at which they saw the bucket appear, disappear, appear again, and so on, as shown in the table.
Time (s) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 11 |
Position of the Bucket | top of the window | bottom of the window | bottom of the window | top of the window | top of the window | bottom of the window |
What is the period of the bucketβs movement?
The vertical displacement of the bucket with respect to the center of its movement can be modeled with the function , where is the period above and , in seconds, is measured as in the table. Given that the height of Chloe and Masonβs window is 1.2 m, what is the amplitude of the function? Give your answer to one decimal place.
At what value of is the bucket at its highest point?