Video Transcript
The shape in the given figure
consists of a cylinder with a hemisphere attached to each end. Work out its volume, giving your
answer to two decimal places.
Weโre told in the question, but we
can also see from the diagram, that this composite shape consists of a cylinder and
two hemispheres. We can see that these two
hemispheres are congruent because they each have a radius of three feet. So, the total volume will be equal
to the volume of the cylinder plus twice the volume of the hemisphere. Two identical hemispheres though
make a sphere. So, we can simplify slightly by
calculating the volume of the cylinder and the volume of a sphere.
Letโs consider the cylinder first
of all then. We know that its volume is
calculated using the formula ๐๐ squared โ. Thatโs the cross-sectional area
multiplied by the height of the cylinder. From the figure, we can see that
the height of the cylinder is 10 feet, but what about its radius? Well, itโs just the same as the
radius of the hemisphere on each end, so itโs three feet. The volume of the cylinder is,
therefore, ๐ multiplied by three squared multiplied by 10. That simplifies to 90๐. And weโll keep our answer in terms
of ๐ for now.
For the two hemispheres, which
weโve already said we can model as a single sphere, the volume is given by
four-thirds ๐๐ cubed. We, therefore, have four-thirds
multiplied by ๐ multiplied by three cubed. Three cubed is equal to 27. And we can then cancel a factor of
three from the numerator and denominator. Weโre left with four multiplied by
๐ multiplied by nine, which is 36๐. The total volume of the shape in
the figure then is 90๐ for the volume of the cylinder plus 36๐ for the volume of
the sphere, or two hemispheres, which is 126๐.
This would be a perfectly
acceptable format for our answer, and indeed, itโs an exact value. But the question asked for the
answer to two decimal places. So, evaluating this on a
calculator, and we have 395.84067. Rounding appropriately and we have
our answer to the problem, the units of which will be cubic feet. The total volume of the shape in
the given figure to two decimal places is 395.84 cubic feet.
