Lesson: Water Hardness

In this lesson, we will learn how to describe the composition and properties of hard water and explain how water hardness can be measured and avoided.

Worksheet: 4 Questions

Q1:

When calcium carbonate (for instance, in limestone) reacts with carbon dioxide and water, a soluble calcium salt is produced. When boiled, this chemical decomposes back to calcium carbonate, forming limescale. What is the name of the calcium salt?

Q2:

When water is boiled, some of the calcium salts can decompose and precipitate, decreasing the hardness of the water. Other salts do not decompose upon heating, causing permanent hardness. Which of the following salts would cause permanent hardness?

Q3:

Which of the following is the most common unit for measuring water hardness?

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