Lesson: X-ray Tubes Physics

In this lesson, we will learn how to describe the production of X-rays using an X-ray tube and how the spectrum of X-rays produced can vary.

Lesson Plan

Students will be able to

describe the role of the following components/properties/processes associated with X-ray production using a Coolidge tube: hot cathode, target, tube voltage, thermionic emission, and beam current,
describe the electron energy level transitions in atoms of the target material of a Coolidge tube responsible for the production of characteristic energy X-rays,
explain how the features present in the X-ray spectrum produced by a Coolidge tube correspond to electron beam characteristics and to target material characteristics.

Lesson Presentation

Lesson Video

Lesson Explainer

Lesson Worksheet

Q1:

The graph shows the relative intensity of X-rays in an X-ray spectrum of different X-ray photon energies. Which of the following mechanisms could result in the production of an X-ray spectrum with this shape due to an electron beam striking a target?

Q2:

The diagram shows a Coolidge tube used for the production of X-rays. The potential difference and the potential difference . What is the maximum energy of X-rays that the tube can produce?

Q3:

The diagram shows an atom in the target material used in a Coolidge tube that generates X-rays. An electron in the electron beam used in the tube could eject either an electron in the K-shell or an electron in the L-shell of the atom. Which of the following would result in the greatest energy X-ray photon being emitted from the atom?