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Lesson: Conjugation and Resonance Structures

In this lesson, we will learn how to represent resonance and conjugation and describe the effects of electron delocalization on charges and bond orders.

Worksheet • 6 Questions

Q1:

Which of the following is always true for a molecule displaying two resonance structures?

  • AThe resonance structures have the same molecular orbital diagram.
  • BThe resonance structures can have different molecular geometries.
  • CThe actual bond order is halfway between the bond orders in the resonance structures.
  • DThe atomic charges in the molecule alternate between those in the resonance structures.
  • EResonance is an equilibrium process.

Q2:

Hydrogen sulfide is produced from metallic zinc in two reaction steps.

Write a balanced molecular equation for the first step, a reduction-oxidation reaction.

  • A Z n + S Z n S
  • B Z n + 3 S O Z n S + 2 S O 2 3
  • C Z n + N a S 2 N a + Z n S 2
  • D Z n + S O Z n S + O 2 2
  • E 2 Z n + 2 H S O 2 Z n S + 2 H O + 3 O 2 4 2 2

Write a balanced molecular equation for the second step, an acid-base reaction.

  • A Z n S + 2 H C l Z n C l + H S 2 2
  • B Z n S + 2 H O Z n ( O H ) + H S 2 2 2
  • C Z n S + 2 N a O H Z n O + H S + N a O 2 2
  • D Z n S + H O Z n O + H S 2 2
  • E Z n S + H Z n + H S 2 2

Q3:

Which of the following is a valid resonance structure of sulfur dioxide?

  • A
    S + O – O
  • B
    S O – O +
  • C
    S + O O
  • D
    S + O – O –
  • E
    S O O –

Q4:

Which of the following species has the greatest number of resonance structures?

  • ASulfite
  • BBenzene
  • CNitrous oxide
  • DAcetate
  • ENitrite

Q5:

In which of the following species are the 𝜋 electrons not delocalized?

  • A C O 2
  • B C l O 3 –
  • C O 3
  • D N O 2
  • E P O 4 3 –

Q6:

Which of the following arrows is used to indicate resonance?

  • A ↔
  • B ↩
  • C ⇀
  • D ⇌
  • E →
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